What is the primary function of the economizer in a steam generating plant?

The primary function of an economizer in a steam generating plant is to heat the feed water before it enters the boiler. By utilizing the waste heat from flue gases exiting the boiler, the economizer raises the temperature of the feed water, which in turn improves overall efficiency. When the feed water is preheated, less energy is required for the boiler to convert it into steam, resulting in lower fuel consumption and more efficient operation of the steam generating system. This process not only saves fuel but also boosts the overall thermodynamic efficiency of the plant.

Increasing steam production may be a secondary benefit of improved efficiency, but it is not the primary role of the economizer. Reducing water usage is not a direct function of the economizer, as its main goal is to enhance hygiene by recovering heat rather than minimizing water consumption. Lastly, while maintaining proper steam pressure is essential for safe operations, it is typically managed through other systems such as pressure control valves and not primarily affected by the economizer's operation.